Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics

Semantics is the study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences attempting to focus on what the words conventionally mean, rather than on what an individual speaker (like George Carlin) might want them to mean on a particular occasion.

Pragmatics is the study of what speakers mean, or ‘speaker meaning’, In many ways, pragmatics is the study of ‘invisible’ meaning, or how we recognize what is meant even when it isn’t actually said or written.

DOMAIN OF SEMANTICS

Conceptual and associative meaning Semantic features Semantic roles Agent and theme Instrument and experiencer Location, source and goal Lexical relations Synonymy

Antonymy Hyponymy Prototypes Homophones and homonyms Polysemy Word play Metonymy Collocation

DOMAIN OF PRAGMATICS

Invisible meaning Context Deixis Reference Inference Anaphora

Presupposition Speech acts Direct and indirect speech acts Politeness Negative and positive face

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